Common (Shared) Elements Module



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<!--  MODULE:    Common (Shared) Elements Module                   -->
<!--  VERSION:   1.1                                               -->
<!--  DATE:      November 1, 2003                                  -->
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<!--                    PUBLIC DOCUMENT TYPE DEFINITION            -->
<!--                        TYPICAL INVOCATION                     -->
<!--
"-//NLM//DTD Archiving and Interchange DTD Suite Common (Shared) Elements Module v1.1 20031101//EN"
Delivered as file "common.ent"                                     -->
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<!-- SYSTEM:     Archiving and Interchange DTD Suite               -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!-- PURPOSE:    Defines the common parameter entities, calls the  -->
<!--             shared modules (such as special characters and    -->
<!--             notations) and provides declarations for elements -->
<!--             that do not properly fit into one class, since    -->
<!--             they can be used at more than one structural level-->
<!--                                                               -->
<!-- CONTAINS:   1) Default classes for elements defined in this   -->
<!--                module.  May be overridden by values in the    -->
<!--                DTD's Customization Module                     -->
<!--             2) Parameter Entities for attribute values        -->
<!--             3) Parameter Entities for content models          -->
<!--             4) Parameter Entities for attribute lists         -->
<!--             5) Elements used in many modules/classes          -->
<!--                  - Address elements                           -->
<!--                  - Date elements                              -->
<!--                  - Personal name elements                     -->
<!--                  - Common metadata elements (shared by both   -->
<!--                      article metadata and bibliographic       -->
<!--                      reference metadata                       -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!-- MODULES REQUIRED:                                             -->
<!--             1) Standard XML Special Characters Module         -->
<!--                                       (%xmlspecchars.ent;)    -->
<!--             2) Custom XML Special Characters (%chars.ent;)    -->
<!--             3) Notation Declarations    (%notat.ent;)         -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!-- CREATED FOR:                                                  -->
<!--             Digital archives and publishers who wish to       -->
<!--             create a custom XML DTD for original markup of    -->
<!--             journal literature, books, and related material,  -->
<!--             or for archiving and transferring such material   -->
<!--             between archives.                                 -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!--             This DTD is in the public domain. An organization -->
<!--             that wishes to create its own DTD from the suite  -->
<!--             may do so without permission from NLM.            -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!--             The suite has been set up to be extended using a  -->
<!--             new DTD file and a new DTD-specific customization -->
<!--             module to redefine the many Parameter Entities.   -->
<!--             Do not modify the suite directly or redistribute  -->
<!--             modified versions of the suite.                   -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!--             In the interest of maintaining consistency and    -->
<!--             clarity for potential users, NLM requests:        -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!--             1. If you create a DTD from the Archiving and     -->
<!--                Interchange DTD Suite and intend to stay       -->
<!--                compatible with the suite, then please include -->
<!--                the following statement as a comment in all of -->
<!--                your DTD modules:                              -->
<!--                   "Created from, and fully compatible with,   -->
<!--                    the Archiving and Interchange DTD Suite."  -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!--             2. If you alter one or more modules of the suite, -->
<!--                then please rename your version and all its    -->
<!--                modules to avoid any confusion with the        -->
<!--                original suite. Also, please include the       -->
<!--                following statement as a comment in all your   -->
<!--                DTD modules:                                   -->
<!--                   "Based in part on, but not fully compatible -->
<!--                    with, the Archiving and Interchange DTD    --> 
<!--                    Suite."                                    -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!--             Suggestions for refinements and enhancements to   -->
<!--             the DTD suite should be sent in email to:         -->
<!--                 archive-dtd@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov                  -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!-- ORIGINAL CREATION DATE:                                       -->
<!--             December 2002                                     -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!-- CREATED BY: Jeff Beck       (NCBI)                            -->
<!--             Deborah Lapeyre (Mulberry Technologies, Inc.)     -->
<!--             Bruce Rosenblum (Inera Inc.)                      -->
<!--                                                               -->
<!--             NLM thanks the Harvard University Libraries, both -->
<!--             for proposing that a draft archiving NLM DTD for  --> 
<!--             life sciences journals be extended to accommodate -->
<!--             journals in all disciplines and for sponsoring    -->
<!--             Bruce Rosenblum's collaboration with other DTD    -->
<!--             authors in completing Version 1.0. The Andrew W.  --> 
<!--             Mellon Foundation provided support for these      --> 
<!--             important contributions.                          -->
<!--                                                               -->
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<!--                    DTD VERSION\CHANGE HISTORY                 -->
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<!--

     =============================================================

Version  Reason/Occasion                   (who) vx.x (yyyy-mm-dd)
     
     =============================================================
     Version 1.1                           (TRG) v1.1 (2003-11-01)

  5. Made <copyright-statement> model into a parameter entity in 
     order to add <ext-link> to the content model.
     Rationale:  Permit linkage between copyright statement and 
     copyright holder's site.

  4. Added attribute "content-type" to element <ack>. 
     Rationale: To identify and preserve the semantic intent of 
     semantically rich source documents.
               
  3. Added ID attribute to the following elements:
       - <ack> 
       - <address> 
       - <alt-text>
       - <ext-link> (by modifying %ext-link-atts;)
       - <institution>
       - <long-desc> 
       - <notes> (by modifying parameter entity %notes-atts;)
     Rationale: Provide unique identifier so these elements can be 
     linked to.  
     
  2. Added element <label> to content model of <aff> (by adding
     %label.class; to parameter %aff-elements;)
     Rationale: To provide <label>  when needed for format 
     over-ride.
     
     =============================================================
     Version 1.0 Changes Before Public Release
                                       (Lapeyre) v1.0 (2002-12-25)

  1. ETAL - Changed the content model of <etal> to replace the
     entier content model with a Parameter Entity, not just name 
     some elements that may mix with #PCDATA. Rationale: The 
     Authoring DTD would like to make <etal> EMPTY.         
                                                                   -->


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<!--                    PARAMETER ENTITY DEPENDENCIES             
                        Requires the following parameter entities
                        be defined before calling this module, 
                        usually accomplished in the Customization
                        Module for the specific DTD:
                        %address-elements;
                        %break.class;
                        %emphasis.class;
                        %ext-links.class;
                        %inline-display.class;
                        %just-rendition;
                        %label.class;
                        %link.class;
                        %para-level;
                        %references.class;
                        %rendition-plus;
                        %sec-back-matter-elements;
                        %sec-level;
                        %sec-opt-title-model;
                        %simple-link.class;
                        %simple-phrase;
                        %simple-text;
                        %subsup.class;
                        %might-link-atts;                          -->
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<!--                    DEFAULT CLASSES FOR ELEMENTS IN COMMON     -->
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<!--                    ACCESSIBILITY CLASS ELEMENTS               -->
<!--                    Elements added to make it easier to process
                        journal articles in ways that are more
                        accessible to people and devices with special
                        needs, for example the visually handicapped.
                          <alt-text> is a short phrase description of
                        an objects, <long-desc> is a more complete
                        description of the content or intent of an
                        object, and the <ext-link> in this grouping
                        would point to an alternate form of the
                        object.                                    -->
<!ENTITY % access.class "alt-text | ext-link | long-desc"            >


<!--                    ADDRESS CLASS ELEMENTS                     -->
<!--                    Potential element components of an address;
                        not a proper class                         -->
<!ENTITY % address-elements
                        "addr-line | country | email | fax | 
                         institution | phone | uri"                  >


<!--                    ADDRESS ELEMENTS INSIDE A PARAGRAPH        -->
<!--                    Address elements that are allowed loose inside
                        a paragraph                                -->
<!ENTITY % inpara-address 
                        "email"                                      >


<!--                    MODELS FOR NAMES OF INDIVIDUALS CLASS      -->
<!ENTITY % person-name.class
                        "given-names | surname | suffix"             >


<!--                    CITATION CLASS ELEMENTS                    -->
<!--                    Reference to an external document, as used 
                        within, for example, the text of a 
                        paragraph                                  -->
<!ENTITY % citation.class   
                        "citation"                                   >


<!--                    CONFERENCE CLASS                           -->
<!--                    The element components of the description
                        of a conference; not a proper class        -->
<!ENTITY % conference.class   
                        "conf-date | conf-name | conf-num | 
                         conf-loc | conf-sponsor | conf-theme |
                         conf-acronym"                               >


<!--                    LABEL CLASS                                -->
<!--                    The label element, used to hold the number
                        or character of a labeled object such as a
                        table or footnote                          -->
<!ENTITY % label.class  "label"                                      >


<!--                    PERSONAL NAMES CLASS                       -->
<!--                    The element components of a person's name,
                        for the name of a contributor              -->
<!ENTITY % person-name.class
                        "given-names | prefix | surname | suffix"    >


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<!--                    PARAMETER ENTITIES FOR ATTRIBUTE VALUES    -->
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<!--                    HISTORY DATE TYPES                         -->
<!--                    The <history> element contains one or more 
                        <date> elements that record events in the 
                        life of a publication.                               
          date-type     Attribute should only be used if the date
                        is one of the known types; otherwise omit
                        the attribute. 
                        Values are:
                          accepted    - Date manuscript was 
                                        accepted         
                          received    - Date manuscript received
                          rev-request - Date revisions were 
                                        requested or manuscript 
                                        was returned
                          rev-recd    - Date revised manuscript 
                                        was received               -->
<!ENTITY % date-types   "accepted | received | rev-request | 
                         rev-recd"                                   >


<!--                    ARTICLE/PUBLICATION IDENTIFIER TYPES       -->
<!--                    The "pub-id-type" attribute names the
                        type of identifier, or the organization or 
                        system that defined this identifier for the 
                        identifier of the journal article or a 
                        cited publication.
                           Used on the <article-id> element, which 
                        holds an identifier for the entire article.  
                           Also used on the <pub-id> element, which 
                        is an identifier for a publication cited in 
                        a bibliographic reference (citation).
                        Valid Types include:
                          coden  - Obsolete PDB/CCDC identifier (may
                                   be present on older articles)
                          doi    - Digital Object Identifier for
                                   the article
                          medline- NLM Medline identifier
                          other  - None of the named identifiers
                          pii    - Publisher Item Identifier, see
                                    /epub/piius.htm
                          pmid   - PUBMED ID (see
                                   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/
                                   query.fcgi?db=PubMed)         
                          publisher-id - 
                                   Publisher's identifying number 
                                   such as an 'article-id', 'artnum',
                                   'identifier', 'article- number', 
                                   etc.
                          sici   - Serial Item and Contribution 
                                   Identifier (SICI). A journal 
                                   article may have more than one 
                                   SICI, one for a print version and
                                   one for an electronic version.  -->
<!ENTITY % pub-id-types  "coden | doi | medline | other | pii | 
                          pmid | publisher-id | sici"                >


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<!--                    PARAMETER ENTITIES FOR COMMENT MODELS      -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    DATE ELEMENTS MODEL                        -->
<!--                    The content models for elements that describe
                        dates, such as Publication Date <pub-date>
                        and History Dates <date>.  The <string-date>
                        element holds dates for which months and 
                        years are not given, for example "first 
                        quarter", "spring", etc.                   -->
<!ENTITY % date-model   "(((day?, month?) | season)?,
                          year?, string-date?)"                      >


<!--                    CONTENT MODEL FOR A STRUCTURAL SECTION     -->
<!--                    The model for a section that requires that a
                        section title be present, used for elements
                        such as Section and Appendix.              -->
<!ENTITY % sec-model    "label?, title, (%para-level;)*, 
                         (%sec-level;)*, 
                         (%sec-back-matter-elements;)*"              >


<!--                    CONTENT MODEL FOR AN UNTITLED SECTION      -->
<!--                    The model for a section-like structure that
                        may or may not have an initial title       -->
<!ENTITY % sec-opt-title-model
                        "label?, title?, (%para-level;)*,  
                         (%sec-level;)*, 
                         (%sec-back-matter-elements;)*"              >


<!--                    LINK ELEMENTS                              -->
<!--                    Elements for use in the linking elements
                        such as <xref>, <target>, and <ext-link>   -->
<!ENTITY % link-elements 
                        "| %emphasis.class; | %subsup.class;"        > 


<!--                    ARTICLE TITLES ELEMENTS                    -->
<!--                    Elements for use in all the title elements
                        such as <title>, <subtitle>, <trans-title>,
                        etc.                                       -->
<!ENTITY % title-elements   
                        "| %break.class; | %simple-phrase;"          > 


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    PARAMETER ENTITIES FOR LINKING ATTRIBUTES  -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->
              

<!--                    XLINK LINK ATTRIBUTES                      -->
<!--                    Used for elements that are a link by
                        definition, such as the <xref> element.         
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename
             xlink:role Provides a URI reference pointing to some
                        resource that describes the role or function 
                        of this link           
             xlink:title
                        Describes the meaning of the link in a 
                        human-readable and displayable fashion
             xlink:show Describes the requested presentation when 
                        the link is traversed.  
                        Values are:
                          embed    Load the new presentation in the
                                   place of the link
                          new      Load a new window, frame, pane, or 
                                   other presentation
                          none     No clue for the application
                          other    Look to other markup for a clue
                          replace  Load the new resource in the same
                                   window, frame, pane, or other
                                   presentation context as the link
                                   started in
            xlink:actuate
                        When is the link traversed, and under whose
                        control.  
                        Values are:
                          none     No clue for the application
                          onLoad   Traverse the link immediately
                                   upon loading the link
                          onRequest
                                   User or software requests that the
                                   link be traversed
                          other    Look to other markup for a clue
                                                                   -->       
<!ENTITY % link-atts
            "xmlns:xlink CDATA                            #FIXED
                                     'http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
             xlink:type  (simple)                   #FIXED 'simple'
             xlink:href  CDATA                            #REQUIRED 
             xlink:role  CDATA                            #IMPLIED
             xlink:title CDATA                            #IMPLIED
             xlink:show  (embed | new | none | other | replace)
                                                          #IMPLIED
             xlink:actuate   
                         (none | onLoad | onRequest | other)          
                                                           #IMPLIED" >


<!--                    MIGHT LINK XLINK ATTRIBUTES                -->
<!--                    Used for elements which may need to link to
                        external sources or other objects within
                        the document, but may not necessarily act 
                        as a link at all.  The attribute
                        "xlink:href" identifies the object to which 
                        the link points.                           -->
<!ENTITY % might-link-atts
            "xmlns:xlink CDATA                             #FIXED
                                     'http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'
             xlink:type  (simple)                   #FIXED 'simple'
             xlink:href  CDATA                             #IMPLIED 
             xlink:role  CDATA                             #IMPLIED
             xlink:title CDATA                             #IMPLIED
             xlink:show  (embed | new | none | other | replace)
                                                           #IMPLIED
             xlink:actuate   
                         (none | onLoad | onRequest | other)          
                                                           #IMPLIED" >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    PARAMETER ENTITIES FOR ATTRIBUTES LISTS    -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->
                                                                
                                                                 
<!--                    AFFILIATION ATTRIBUTES                     -->
<!--                    Attributes for the Affiliation <aff> 
                        element                                    -->
<!ENTITY % aff-atts
            "id         ID                                 #IMPLIED  
             rid        IDREFS                             #IMPLIED" >

                                                                
<!--                    COLLABORATION ATTRIBUTES                   -->
<!--                    Attributes for <collab>                    -->
<!--          collab-type
                        The type or role of the collaborators, 
                        what function did they play in the 
                        publication.
                        Suggested values include:
                          assignee 
                                  - Group or company to whom a patent 
                                    is awarded
                          authors - Content creators
                          editors - Content editors
                          compliers
                                  - Put together a composite work
                                    from multiple sources
                          guest-editors 
                                  - A group of editors that have been
                                    invited to edit all or part of a
                                    work
                          inventors 
                                  - Idea, software, or machine 
                                    creators
                          translators
                                  - Translated the cited work from 
                                    one language into another
             id         Unique identifier so that the collaboration
                        can be referenced
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename                -->
<!ENTITY % collab-atts
            "collab-type       
                        CDATA                             #IMPLIED  
             id         ID                                #IMPLIED
             %might-link-atts;"                                      >


<!--                    EXTERNAL LINK ATTRIBUTES                   -->
<!--                    Attribute list for external links 
             ext-link-type 
                        Type of external link. Use this attribute
                        if the type of external link is one of the
                        ones below or another named type.
                        Suggested values include:
                            ec          Enzyme nomenclature - see
                              http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/
                            gen         GenBank identifier
                            genpept     Translated Protein-encoding
                                        sequence Database
                            highwire    HighWire press intrajournal 
                            medline     Medline or pubmed id
                            pdb         Protein data bank. See 
                                        http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/
                            pgr         Plant gene register. See
                                        http://www.tarweed.com/pgr/
                            pir         Protein Information Resource
                                        see http://pir.georgetown.edu
                            pirdb       Protein Information Resource 
                                        see http://pir.georgetown.edu
                            pmc         Used to link between articles  
                                        in PubMedCentral access is 
                                        PMID
                            sprot       Swiss-Prot. See
                                    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swissprot/
                            aoi         Astronomical Object Identifier 
                            doi         Digital Object Identifier
                            ftp         File transfer protocol
                            uri         Website or web service    
             id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced 
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename                -->
<!ENTITY %  ext-link-atts
             "ext-link-type 
                        CDATA                              #IMPLIED
              id        ID                                 #IMPLIED
              %might-link-atts;"                                     >

                                                                
<!--                    CITATION ATTRIBUTES                        -->
<!--                    Attributes for <citation>
             citation-type
                        Defines the type of work being referenced.
                        Suggested values include:
                          book         Book 
                          conf-proceedings
                                       Conference proceedings
                          discussion   Dicussion among a group in
                                       some forum - public, private,
                                       or electronic, which may or
                                       may not be moderated
                          gov          Government publication
                          journal      Journal article
                          list         Listserv
                          other        None of the listed types
                          patent       Patent or patent application
                          personal-communication
                                       Informal or personal 
                                       communication, such as a 
                                       phone call or an email
                                       message
                          standard     Standards document issued by
                                       a recognized standards body,
                                       such as ISO, ANSI, IEEE, 
                                       OASIS, etc.
                          thesis       Work written as part of the
                                       completion of an advanced 
                                       degree
                          web          Website
             id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced 
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename                -->
<!ENTITY % citation-atts
             "citation-type   
                        CDATA                              #IMPLIED  
              id        ID                                 #IMPLIED
              %might-link-atts;"                                     >


<!--                    ISSN ATTRIBUTES                            -->
<!--                    Attribute list for <issn>                  -->
<!--                    Used to record the type of publication, for
                        example a print-only publication versus
                        an electronic-only publication, in any of
                        several life stages.
                        Suggested values include:
                          epub        - Electronic publication
                          ppub        - Print publication
                          epub-ppub   - Published in both print and
                                        electronic form
                          epreprint   - Electronic preprint 
                                        dissemination    
                          ppreprint   - Print preprint dissemination     
                          ecorrected  - Corrected in electronic    
                          pcorrected  - Corrected in print     
                          eretracted  - Retracted in electronic    
                          pretracted  - Retracted in print         -->
<!ENTITY %  issn-atts
             "pub-type   CDATA                           #IMPLIED"   >


<!--                    NOTE ATTRIBUTES                            -->
<!--                    Attribute list for <note>                  -->
<!--         notes-type To identify the type of note, if the type
                        can be/has been identified, for example,
                        "note-in-proof"                            
             id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced                                 -->
<!ENTITY % notes-atts
            "id         ID                                #IMPLIED
             notes-type CDATA                             #IMPLIED"  >

                                                                
<!--                    RELATED ARTICLE ATTRIBUTES                 -->
<!--                    Attributes for <related-article>         
             related-article-type
                          addendum      Additional material for an
                                        article, generated too late
                                        to be added to the main text
                          commentary-article   
                                        Used in an commentary or
                                        editorial to link to the 
                                        article on which it is
                                        commenting
                          companion     Used in an article to link 
                                        to a companion (related
                                        or sibling) article 
                          corrected-article
                                        Used in a correction to link 
                                        to the article being 
                                        corrected. Sometimes called
                                        erratum.
                          in-this-issue Related article in the same
                                        journal issue
                          letter        A letter to the publication
                                        or a reply to such a
                                        letter
                          commentary    Used in an article to link 
                                        to its associated commentary
                                        or editorial 
                          correction-forward
                                        Used in an article to link
                                        forward to its associated 
                                        correction (rarely used)
                          retracted-article
                                        Used in a retraction to link 
                                        to the article being retracted
                          retraction-forward   
                                        Used in an article to link
                                        forward to its associated 
                                        retraction (rare)
             vol        Volume of the journal in which the related
                        article exists.  It is best practice to
                        limit the scope to the current journal, 
                        the one in which the current article
                        resides.
             page       Page number of the related article. It is 
                        best practice to limit the scope to the 
                        current journal, the one in which the 
                        current article resides. The values for this 
                        attribute should be a first page or a page 
                        range.
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename.               -->
<!ENTITY % related-article-atts
             "related-article-type
                        CDATA                             #REQUIRED
              vol       CDATA                             #IMPLIED
              page      CDATA                             #IMPLIED  
              %might-link-atts;"                                     >

                                                                
<!--                    BIOGRAPHY ATTRIBUTES                       -->
<!--                    Attributes for <bio> element    
             id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced 
             rid        Points to the identifier of an author or
                        or authors                               
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename.               -->
<!ENTITY % bio-atts
             "id        ID                                #IMPLIED
              rid       IDREFS                            #IMPLIED
              %might-link-atts;"                                     >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    ELEMENT USED BY MORE THAN ONE CLASS        -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    COMMON METADATA/BIBLIOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS     -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    ARTICLE TITLE                              -->
<!--                    The title of the article in the language
                        in which the article was originally
                        published          
                        Remarks: The related element Translated Title
                        <trans-title> should be used for a
                        translation of the article into another
                        language, for example, to hold the English
                        version of a Japanese article title.       -->
<!ELEMENT  article-title       
                        (#PCDATA %title-elements;)*                  >
<!--         xml:lang   The language in which the value of the
                        element is expressed.  Recommended best 
                        practice is to use values as defined in
                        RFC 1766, typically 2-letter language
                        codes such as "FR" (French), "EN" (English),
                        and "DE" (German). These values are NOT
                        case sensitive, so "EN" = "en". The values
                        may include hyphenated differentiators such 
                        as "EN-AU" (Australian English) and "EN-US"
                        (United States English).                   -->
<!ATTLIST  article-title
             xml:lang   NMTOKEN                            #IMPLIED  > 


<!--                    AFFILIATION ELEMENTS                       -->
<!--                    Elements for use in the <aff> element      -->
<!ENTITY % aff-elements "| %address-elements; | %break.class; | 
                         %emphasis.class; | %label.class; | 
                         %link.class; | %subsup.class;"              > 


<!--                    AFFILIATION                                -->
<!--                    Name of a institution or organization such as
                        a university or corporation. 
                        Authoring and Conversion Note: In a typical 
                        case, the "id" attribute will be pointed to 
                        by one or more contributors.               
                        Conversion Note: Any explicitly tagged numbers
                        or symbols for author linkages should be 
                        discarded, as the linkage will be recreated
                        from the "id" connection.
                        Authoring Note:  While this element 
                        contains an optional Label element, the 
                        Label element should be included only in 
                        those circumstances where a formatting 
                        override is needed; Label should NOT 
                        be used in the ordinary course of 
                        tagging.                                   -->                       
<!ELEMENT  aff          (#PCDATA %aff-elements;)*                    >
<!--         id         Unique identifier so that the affiliated
                        institution may be referenced, for example 
                        by a contributor
             rid        May be used to point to affiliation-related
                        information within the document            
                                                                   -->
<!ATTLIST  aff
             %aff-atts;                                              >


<!--                    COLLABORATIVE (GROUP) AUTHOR ELEMENTS      -->
<!--                    Elements for use in the <collab> element   -->
<!ENTITY % collab-elements 
                        " | %ext-links.class; | %simple-link.class; | 
                          %simple-text;"                             > 


<!--                    COLLABORATIVE (GROUP) AUTHOR               -->
<!--                    Used for groups of authors credited under 
                        one name, either as a collaboration in the
                        strictest sense, or when an organization, 
                        institution, or corporation is the group.  
                        Remarks: When an author is an organization 
                        rather than a person, use the <collab> 
                        element rather than <surname>, for
                        example: 
                           <collab>Aardvark Institute</collab>  
                                                                   -->
<!ELEMENT  collab       (#PCDATA %collab-elements;)*                 >
<!--         collab-type
                        The type or role of the collaborators, 
                        what function did they play in the 
                        publication.
                        Suggested values include:
                          assignee 
                                  - Group or company to whom a patent 
                                    is awarded
                          authors - Content creators
                          editors - Content editors
                          compliers
                                  - Put together a composite work
                                    from multiple sources
                          guest-editors 
                                  - A group of editors that have been
                                    invited to edit all or part of a
                                    work
                          inventors 
                                  - Idea, software, or machine 
                                    creators
                          translators
                                  - Translated the cited work from 
                                    one language into another
                                    one language into another
             id         unique identifier so that the collaboration
                        can be referenced
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename.               -->
<!ATTLIST  collab
             %collab-atts;                                           >
             

<!--                    CONFERENCE DATE                            -->
<!--                    The date(s) on which the conference was held.
                          Conference dates in journal headers are
                        traditionally stored in one of two forms:
                        as a single date ("May 1906") or as the
                        first day and last day of the conference.
                        Both types should be stored in this element;
                        the dates that come from separate first and 
                        last elements should be combined:
                          <conf-start>August 4, 2002</conf-start>
                          <conf-end>August 9, 2002<conf-end>
                        should become:
                          <conf-date>August 4, 2002 - August 9,
                          2002</conf-date>
                                                                   -->
<!ELEMENT  conf-date    (#PCDATA)                                    >


<!--                    CONFERENCE LOCATION ELEMENTS               -->
<!--                    Elements for use in the <conf-loc> element -->
<!ENTITY % conf-loc-elements 
                        "| %simple-text;"                            > 
 

<!--                    CONFERENCE LOCATION                        -->
<!--                    The physical location(s) of the conference.
                        This may include a city, a country, or a
                        campus or organization location if that is
                        the only location available.
                        Authoring and Conversion Note: If the 
                        conference is in the United States, the 
                        state should also be provided. A specific 
                        venue or address (e.g. conference hotel) 
                        should not be provided unless there is no
                        other location information.                -->
<!ELEMENT  conf-loc     (#PCDATA %conf-loc-elements;)*               >


<!--                    CONFERENCE NAME ELEMENTS                   -->
<!--                    Elements for use in the <conf-name> element-->
<!ENTITY % conf-name-elements 
                        "| %simple-text;"                            > 


<!--                    CONFERENCE NAME                            -->
<!--                    The full name of the conference, including any
                        qualifiers such as "43rd Annual". When the
                        name includes the year of the conference,
                        (e.g. "Extreme 2002"), the year should appear
                        in both the conference Name and the Conference
                        Date elements.                             -->
<!ELEMENT  conf-name    (#PCDATA %conf-name-elements;)*              >


<!--                    COPYRIGHT STATEMENT MODEL                  -->
<!--                    Content model for <copyright-statement>    -->
<!ENTITY % copyright-statement-model 
                        "(#PCDATA | %ext-links.class; 
                         %rendition-plus;)*"                         > 


<!--                    COPYRIGHT STATEMENT                        -->
<!--                    Copyright notice or statement, suitable for
                        printing or display. Within the statement the
                        copyright year should be identified, if
                        expected to be displayed.                  -->
<!ELEMENT  copyright-statement
                        %copyright-statement-model;                  >


<!--                    ISSN                                       -->
<!--                    International Standard Series Number       -->
<!ELEMENT  issn         (#PCDATA)                                    >
<!--                    Used to record the type of publication, for
                        which this ISSN was issued, for example, 
                        a print-only publication versus
                        an electronic-only publication, in any of
                        several life stages.
                        Suggested values include:
                          epub        - Electronic publication
                          ppub        - Print publication
                          epub-ppub   - Published in both print and
                                        electronic form
                          epreprint   - Electronic preprint 
                                        dissemination    
                          ppreprint   - Print preprint dissemination     
                          ecorrected  - Corrected in electronic    
                          pcorrected  - Corrected in print     
                          eretracted  - Retracted in electronic    
                          pretracted  - Retracted in print     
                          -->
<!ATTLIST  issn
             %issn-atts;                                             >


<!--                    ISSUE                                      -->
<!--                    The issue number, issue name, or other 
                        identifier of an issue of a journal        -->
<!ELEMENT  issue        (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >  


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    COMMON METADATA ELEMENTS CONTINUED         -->
<!--                    PUBLISHER IDENTIFICATION ELEMENTS          -->
<!--                    (COMMON ARTICLE METADATA/BIBLIOGRAPHIC)    -->
<!--                    Used in article metadata and also inside   -->
<!--                    a bibliographic reference (citation)       -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    ET AL CONTENT MODEL                        -->
<!--                    The content model for the <etal> element   -->
<!ENTITY % etal-model   "(#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*"                > 


<!--                    ET AL                                      -->
<!--                    Although most journals modeled this as an
                        EMPTY element, typically used to generate
                        the text "et al." in a stylesheet, some
                        journal DTDs (Blackwell's, for example) expect
                        content for this element, with such text as
                        "Associates, coworkers, and colleagues".   -->
<!ELEMENT  etal         %etal-model;                                 >  



<!--                    PUBLISHER'S NAME                           -->
<!--                    Name of the publisher of the work          -->
<!ELEMENT  publisher-name      
                        (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >  


<!--                    PUBLISHER'S LOCATION ELEMENTS              -->
<!--                    Elements for use in the Publisher Location
                        <publisher-loc> element                    -->
<!ENTITY % publisher-loc-elements 
                        "| %address-elements; | %emphasis.class; |
                         %subsup.class;"                             > 


<!--                    PUBLISHER'S LOCATION                       -->
<!--                    Place of publication, usually a city such
                        as New York or London                      -->
<!ELEMENT  publisher-loc       
                        (#PCDATA %publisher-loc-elements;)*          >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    COMMON METADATA ELEMENTS CONTINUED         -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    TRANSLATED TITLE                           -->
<!--                    An alternate version of the title that has
                        been translated into a language other than
                        that of the article title <article-title>  
                        Remarks: The related element Article Title
                        <atitle-title> should be used for the title
                        of the article in the original language in 
                        which it was published, this element used
                        for a translation of that title, for example
                        the English version of a Japanese article. -->
<!ELEMENT  trans-title  (#PCDATA %title-elements;)*                  >
<!--         xml:lang   The language in which the value of the
                        element is expressed.  Recommended best 
                        practice is to use values as defined in
                        RFC 1766, typically 2-letter language
                        codes such as "FR" (French), "EN" (English),
                        and "DE" (German).  These values are NOT
                        case sensitive, so "EN" = "en". The values
                        may include hyphenated differentiators such 
                        as "EN-AU" (Australian English) and "EN-US"
                        (United States English).
                          Authoring and Conversion Note: For the
                        Translated Title element, the xml:lang
                        attribute should always be set if the
                        value is known. The only reason the
                        attribute was not made #REQUIRED was that
                        there may be cases where the language is
                        not known.                                 -->
<!ATTLIST  trans-title
             xml:lang   NMTOKEN                            #IMPLIED  >


<!--                    VOLUME                                     -->
<!ELEMENT  volume       (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    COMMON METADATA ELEMENTS CONTINUED         -->
<!--                    PAGE NUMBERING ELEMENTS                    -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    FIRST PAGE                                 -->
<!--                    The page number on which the article starts,
                        for print journals that have page numbers  -->
<!ELEMENT  fpage        (#PCDATA)                                    >
<!--         seq        Used for sequence number or letter for 
                        journals (such as continuous makeup journals) 
                        with more than one article starting on the 
                        same page                                  -->
<!ATTLIST  fpage
             seq        CDATA                              #IMPLIED  >
             

<!--                    LAST PAGE                                  -->
<!--                    The page number on which the article ends,
                        for print journals that have page numbers  -->
<!ELEMENT  lpage        (#PCDATA)                                    >


<!--                    ELECTRONIC LOCATION IDENTIFIER             -->
<!--                    Used to identify an article that 
                        does not have traditional page numbers. 
                        For a printed article, when citations are 
                        sent through the Medline matcher to be turned
                        into live links or when the metadata about an
                        article is collected for complete
                        identification,  the first page number (and 
                        sometimes  also the last page number) of the 
                        article is recorded to help indicate which
                        article is being referenced. Electronic only
                        journals have no page numbers, so this
                        element is used as the equivalent identifier,
                        the "electronic page number" that helps to
                        identify the article. The value could be an 
                        article identifier, a doi, etc., for 
                        example, "E70".                        
                        Remarks: This element is more accurately an
                        electronic identifier, and it was considered
                        renaming this element to that. The purpose
                        of the name is to be a parallel with the
                        <fpage>...<lpage> model. When neither first
                        page or last page is appropriate, because
                        the electronic journal has no pages, the
                        <elocation-id> element is used instead.    -->
<!ELEMENT  elocation-id (#PCDATA)                                    >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    CITATION (BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE)         -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    CITATION MODEL                             -->
<!--                    Content model for the <citation> element.  -->
<!ENTITY % citation-model   
                        "(#PCDATA | %ext-links.class; | 
                          %label.class; | %references.class; | 
                          %simple-text;)*"                           > 


<!--                    CITATION                                   -->
<!--                    A citation is a description of a work, such
                        as a journal article, book, or personal
                        communication, that is cited in the text of
                        the article. Although the DTD does not
                        enforce it, a citation to a journal article
                        *should* be tagged with as many as possible 
                        of the following, so that PubMed Central or
                        other matching processing can make the 
                        citation into a live link:
                           source  The MEDLINE abbreviation of the
                                   journal name
                           article-title  
                                   Title of the article
                           volume  Volume of the journal
                           issue   Issue of the journal
                           fpage   Page number on which the article
                                   starts
                           name    Of an author or editor
                           year    Year of publication
                           month   Month of publication (if present)
                           day     Date of publication (if present)
                        The other elements may be tagged if
                        desired.  The <title> element may be used
                        for titles of books, conference proceedings,
                        etc.
                        Authoring and Conversion Note: In order to 
                        make citations into live links, as much
                        of the author and date information as is
                        available should be preserved. The most
                        important date tag is year, and it should
                        always be tagged if possible:
                            <year>2003</year> 
                        The <day> and <month> tags will be used
                        more rarely; they are provided because some
                        of the citation matching services can use
                        the month and the day if they are available.
                                                                   -->
<!ELEMENT  citation     %citation-model;                             >
<!--         citation-type
                        Defines the type of work being referenced.
                        Suggested values include:
                          book         Book 
                          personal-communication
                                       Informal or personal 
                                       communication, such as a 
                                       phone call or an email
                                       message
                          conf-proceedings
                                       Conference proceedings
                          discussion   Dicussion among a group in
                                       some forum - public, private,
                                       or electronic, which may or
                                       may not be moderated
                          gov          Government publication
                          journal      Journal article
                          list         Listserv
                          other        None of the listed types
                          patent       Patent or patent application
                          thesis       Work written as part of the
                                       completion of an advanced 
                                       degree
                          web          Website
             id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced 
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename                -->
<!ATTLIST  citation
             %citation-atts;                                         >
             

<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    ADDRESS ELEMENTS (BIBLIOGRAPHIC)           -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    ADDRESS MODEL                              -->
<!--                    Content model for the <address> element    -->
<!ENTITY % address-model    
                        "(%address-elements;)*"                      >


<!--                    ADDRESS/CONTACT INFORMATION                -->
<!--                    Wrapper element for contact information such 
                        as address, phone, fax, email, url, country,
                        etc.                                       -->
<!ELEMENT  address      (%address-model;)                            >
<!--         id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced                                 -->
<!ATTLIST  address
             id         ID                                 #IMPLIED  >


<!--                    ADDRESS LINE ELEMENTS                      -->
<!--                    Elements for use in the <addr-line> element 
                                                                   -->
<!ENTITY % addr-line-elements 
                        "| %simple-text;"                            > 


<!--                    ADDRESS LINE                               -->
<!--                    One line in an address                     -->
<!--                    Conversion Note: If the address is 
                        undifferentiated data characters, the entire
                        address may be inside one of these elements.
                                                                   -->
<!ELEMENT  addr-line    (#PCDATA %addr-line-elements;)*              >


<!--                    COUNTRY:  IN AN ADDRESS                    -->
<!ELEMENT  country      (#PCDATA)                                    >


<!--                    EMAIL ADDRESS                              -->
<!ELEMENT  email        (#PCDATA)                                    >
<!--         xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename                -->
<!ATTLIST  email
             %might-link-atts;                                       >


<!--                    FAX NUMBER: IN AN ADDRESS                  -->
<!ELEMENT  fax          (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >


<!--                    INSTITUTION NAME ELEMENTS                  -->
<!--                    Elements for use in the <institution> 
                        element                                    -->
<!ENTITY % institution-elements 
                        "| %break.class; | %emphasis.class; |
                         %subsup.class;"                             > 


<!--                    INSTITUTION NAME: IN AN ADDRESS            -->
<!--                    Name of a institution or organization such as
                        a university or corporation                -->
                        
<!ELEMENT  institution  (#PCDATA %institution-elements;)*            >
<!--         id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced                                 
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename                -->
<!ATTLIST  institution
             id         ID                                 #IMPLIED  
             %might-link-atts;                                       > 


<!--                    PHONE NUMBER:  IN AN ADDRESS               -->
<!ELEMENT  phone        (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >


<!--                    URI                                        -->
<!--                    URI such as a URL that may be used as a 
                        live link, typically naming a website, such 
                        as:
                           <url>http://www.mulberrytech.com</url>
                        Alternatively the element content may name
                        the URL, e.g., "Mulberry's Website" and the
                        "xlink:href" attribute may hold the real
                        URL.
                           <url xlink:href="https://www.mulberrytech.
                           com">Mulberry's Website</url>           
                        Related Elements: A URI used outside the 
                        context of an address of contributor should 
                        be tagged as an External Link <ext-link>   -->
<!ELEMENT  uri          (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >

<!ATTLIST  uri
             %might-link-atts;                                       >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    DATE ELEMENTS (PUBLICATION HISTORY)        -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    DATE                                       -->
<!--                    The elements <day>, <month>, and <year> should 
                        ALWAYS be numeric values. The date may be 
                        represented as a string in <string-date>, but
                        the numeric values should be present whenever
                        possible.                                  -->
<!ELEMENT  date         (%date-model;)                               >
<!--         date-type  Attribute should only be used if the date
                        is one of the known types, otherwise omit
                        the attribute. Values are:
                          accepted    - Date manuscript was 
                                        accepted         
                          received    - Date manuscript received
                          rev-request - Date revisions were 
                                        requested or manuscript 
                                        was returned
                          rev-recd    - Date revised manuscript 
                                        was received               -->
<!ATTLIST  date
              date-type (%date-types;)                     #IMPLIED  >


<!--                    DAY                                        -->
<!--                    The numeric value of a day of the month, used
                        in both article metadata and inside a citation,
                        in two digits as it would be stated in the "DD" 
                        in an international date format YYYY-MM-DD, for
                        example "03", "25".                        -->
<!ELEMENT  day          (#PCDATA)                                    >


<!--                    MONTH                                      -->
<!--                    Names one of the months of the year. Used in
                        both article metadata and inside a citation,
                        this element may contain a full month 
                        "December", an abbreviation "Dec", or, 
                        preferably, a numeric month such as "12".
                        Authoring and Conversion Note: For ease in
                        comparisons and searching, many archives
                        prefer that months be converted to numeric
                        Suggested values:
                          1 = January
                          2 = February
                          3 = March, etc.                          -->
<!ELEMENT  month        (#PCDATA)                                    >


<!--                    SEASON                                     -->
<!--                    Season of publication, such as "Spring". 
                        Used in both article metadata and inside a 
                        citation                                   -->
<!ELEMENT  season       (#PCDATA)                                    >


<!--                    YEAR                                       -->
<!--                    Year of publication, which should be expressed
                        as a 4-digit number: "1776" or "1924"      -->
<!ELEMENT  year         (#PCDATA)                                    >


<!--                    DATE AS A STRING                           -->
<!--                    This is a representation of the date as a 
                        string. Usually used for dates for which 
                        months and years are not given, but may be
                        used for any date as a string(i.e. "January, 
                        2001" "Fall 2001" "March 11, 2001".
                        It is better practice to tag the year
                        and month as numbers with a date such
                        as "January, 2001" or "March 11, 2001".    -->
<!ELEMENT  string-date  (#PCDATA)                                    >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    PERSON'S NAME ELEMENTS (BIBLIOGRAPHIC)     -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    NAME OF PERSON                             -->
<!--                    Wrapper element for personal names.
                        Authoring or Conversion Note: If the name
                        parts are unknown or untagged, names should
                        be placed within the Surname element 
                        <surname>.
                        Design Note: The tag abuse of overloading the
                        Surname tag is likely to lead to better 
                        searching in a repository than merely 
                        leaving the person's name untagged.        -->
<!ELEMENT  name         (surname, given-names?, prefix?, suffix?)    >
<!--         name-style Used for choosing an inversion algorithm or
                        for sorting or other processing functions.  The
                        three values and approximate meanings are:
                        Value     Display          Sort/Inversion
                        western   given family     family given
                        eastern   family given     family given
                        islensk   given patronymic given, patronymic
                                                                   -->
<!ATTLIST  name
             name-style (western | eastern | islensk)      "western" >


<!--                    SURNAME                                    -->  
<!--                    The surname of an individual.  If there is
                        only one name, for example, "Cher" or
                        "Pele", that is considered to be a surname
                        for consistency purposes.                  -->
<!ELEMENT  surname      (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >


<!--                    GIVEN (FIRST) NAMES                        -->
<!--                    Includes all given names for a person, such 
                        as the first name, middle names, maiden 
                        name if used as part of the married name, 
                        etc.)                                      -->
<!ELEMENT  given-names  (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >



<!--                    PREFIX                                     -->
<!--                    Honorifics or other qualifiers that usually 
                        precede the surname, for example,  Professor, 
                        Rev., President, Senator, Dr., Sir, The 
                        Honorable, et al.                          -->
<!ELEMENT  prefix       (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >



<!--                    SUFFIX                                     -->
<!--                    Text used as a suffix to a person's name, for
                        example: Sr. Jr. III, 3rd                  -->
<!ELEMENT  suffix       (#PCDATA %just-rendition;)*                  >



<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    EXTERNAL LINK ELEMENTS                     -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    EXTERNAL LINK                              -->
<!--                    Link to an external file, such as Medline, 
                        Genbank, etc.  Linking may be accomplished
                        using the XLink linking attributes.        -->
<!ELEMENT  ext-link     (#PCDATA %link-elements;)*                   >
<!--         ext-link-type 
                        Type of external link. Use this attribute
                        if the type of external link is one of the
                        ones below or another named type.
                        Suggested values include:
                            ec          Enzyme nomenclature - see
                              http://www.chem.qmw.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/
                            gen         GenBank identifier
                            genpept     Translated Protein-encoding
                                        sequence Database
                            highwire    HighWire press intrajournal 
                            medline     Medline or pubmed id
                            pdb         Protein data bank. See 
                                        http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/
                            pgr         Plant gene register. See
                                        http://www.tarweed.com/pgr/
                            pir         Protein Information Resource
                                        see http://pir.georgetown.edu
                            pirdb       Protein Information Resource 
                                        see http://pir.georgetown.edu
                            pmc         Used to link between articles  
                                        in PubMedCentral access is 
                                        PMID
                            sprot       Swiss-Prot. See
                                    http://www.ebi.ac.uk/swissprot/
                            aoi         Astronomical Object Identifier 
                            doi         Digital Object Identifier
                            ftp         File transfer protocol
                            uri         Website or web service    
             id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced 
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename                -->
<!ATTLIST  ext-link
             %ext-link-atts;                                         >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS                        -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    TITLE ELEMENTS                             -->
<!--                    The elements that can be included along with
                        data characters inside the content model of
                        the <title> element                        -->
<!ENTITY % struct-title-elements 
                        "| %break.class; | %simple-phrase;"          >


<!--                    TITLE                                      -->
<!--                    Heading or title for a structural element
                        such as a Section, Figure, Boxed Text, etc.-->
<!ELEMENT  title        (#PCDATA %struct-title-elements;)*           >


<!--                    LABEL OF A FIGURE, REFERENCE, ETC.         -->
<!--                    The number and any prefix word that comes
                        before, for example, the caption of a Figure,
                        such as "Figure 3." or "Exhibit 2.".  This
                        element can be used to preserve the prefix 
                        number or label of an element, for example
                        for a reference or citation "25." or
                        "[Lapeyre 2002]". This can be useful when
                        reconstructing untagged cross references.  -->                        
<!ELEMENT  label        (#PCDATA | %emphasis.class; |
                         %inline-display.class; | %subsup.class;)*   >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    RELATED ARTICLE ELEMENTS                   -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    RELATED ARTICLE INFORMATION MODEL          -->
<!--                    Content model for the <related-article> 
                        element                                    -->
<!ENTITY % related-article-model 
                        "%emphasis.class; | %ext-links.class; | 
                         %references.class; | %subsup.class;"        >


<!--                    RELATED ARTICLE INFORMATION                -->
<!--                    Wrapper element, used as a container for 
                        text links to a related article, possibly 
                        accompanied by a very brief description
                        such as "errata (correction)".
                        Remarks: This element is slightly overloaded
                        in that it has 2 uses, one inside the article
                        metadata to name one or more related articles
                        and as part of the link class, which can
                        occur many places in textual content.
                        This allows all such references, to 
                        companion articles within the same journal,
                        to a previous part of a multi-part article,
                        to a news item that summarizes the article,
                        to the article for which this article is
                        a correction or addendum, etc. wherever 
                        these occur in the article.                -->
<!ELEMENT  related-article       
                        (#PCDATA | %related-article-model;)*         >
<!--         related-article-type
                          addendum      Additional material for an
                                        article, generated too late
                                        to be added to the main text
                          commentary-article   
                                        Used in an commentary or
                                        editorial to link to the 
                                        article on which it is
                                        commenting
                          companion     Used in an article to link 
                                        to a companion (related
                                        or sibling article) 
                          corrected-article
                                        Used in a correction to link 
                                        to the article being 
                                        corrected. Sometimes called
                                        erratum.
                          in-this-issue Related article in the same
                                        journal issue
                          letter        A letter to the publication
                                        or a reply to such a
                                        letter
                          commentary    Used in an article to link 
                                        to its associated commentary
                                        or editorial 
                          correction-forward
                                        Used in an article to link
                                        forward to its associated 
                                        correction (rarely used)
                          retracted-article
                                        Used in a retraction to link 
                                        to the article being retracted
                          retraction-forward   
                                        Used in an article to link
                                        forward to its associated 
                                        retraction (rare)
             vol        Volume of the journal in which the related
                        article exists.  The scope is limited to
                        the journal; in which the current article
                        resides.
             page       Page number of the related article. Scope
                        is limited to the volume of the journal in 
                        which the current article resides. The 
                        values should be a first page or a page 
                        range.
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename.               -->
<!ATTLIST  related-article
             %related-article-atts;                                  >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    FRONT MATTER/BACK MATTER ELEMENTS          -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS MODEL                      -->
<!--                    Content model for the <ack> element        -->
<!ENTITY % ack-model    "%sec-opt-title-model;"                      > 


<!--                    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS                            -->
<!ELEMENT  ack          (%ack-model;)                                >
<!--         id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced                                
             content-type   
                        Identification of the subject, type of
                        content, or reason that this word or phrase
                        is considered semantically special, as a 
                        means of preserving the semantic intent of 
                        the original tagging.                      -->
<!ATTLIST  ack                                
             id         ID                                 #IMPLIED
             content-type
                        CDATA                              #IMPLIED  >


<!--                    BIOGRAPHY                                  -->
<!--                    Sort biography of a person, usually the
                        author                                     
                        Authoring Note:  The "xlink:href" attribute
                        may be used to point to a graphic of the
                        author or to his/her website, etc.         -->
<!ELEMENT  bio          (title?, p+)                                 >      
<!--         id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced 
             rid        Points to the identifier of an author or
                        or authors                               
             xlink:href Provides an address or identifier of the
                        object to which the link points, for
                        example a URI or a filename.               -->
<!ATTLIST  bio
             %bio-atts;                                              >


<!--                    NOTES MODEL                                -->
<!--                    Content model for the <notes> element      -->
<!ENTITY % notes-model  "%sec-opt-title-model;"                      > 
             

<!--                    NOTES                                      -->
<!--                    A container element for the notes that may
                        appear at the end of an Article or at the 
                        end of a Table.  For example, a typical
                        end-of-article note is a "Note in Proof". 
                        A Note in Proof contains late-breaking news 
                        items or other material produced while the 
                        article was  being typeset or was otherwise 
                        in production, that therefore happened too 
                        late to be included in the text of the 
                        article. This is typically NOT peer-reviewed
                        content and citations to other material is
                        usually just integrated into the text, not
                        listed separately in a References List.    -->
<!ELEMENT  notes        (%notes-model;)                              >      
<!--         id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced                                 
             notes-type To identify the type of note, if the type can
                        be/has been identified, for example,
                        "note-in-proof"                            -->                     
<!ATTLIST  notes
             %notes-atts;                                            >


<!-- ============================================================= -->
<!--                    ACCESSIBILITY ELEMENTS                     -->
<!-- ============================================================= -->


<!--                    ALTERNATE TITLE TEXT FOR A FIGURE, ETC.    -->
<!--                    Short phrase used to display or pronounce 
                        as an alternative to providing the full
                        graphic for accessibility display or 
                        graphic-limited websites or devices. For 
                        example, <alt-text> may be used to display 
                        "behind" a figure or graphic.   
                        Authoring and Conversion Note: Not to be used
                        as a replacement for <caption>.            -->
<!ELEMENT  alt-text     (#PCDATA)                                    >
<!--         id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced                                 
             xml:lang   The language in which the value of the
                        element is expressed.  Recommended best 
                        practice is to use values as defined in
                        RFC 1766, typically 2-letter language
                        codes such as "FR" (French), "EN" (English),
                        and "DE" (German). These values are NOT
                        case sensitive, so "EN" = "en". The values
                        may include hyphenated differentiators such 
                        as "EN-AU" (Australian English) and "EN-US"
                        (United States English).                   -->             
<!ATTLIST  alt-text
             id         ID                                 #IMPLIED  
             xml:lang   NMTOKEN                            #IMPLIED  > 


<!--                    LONG DESCRIPTION                           -->
<!--                    Description or summary of the content of a 
                        graphical object, table, or textual object
                        such as a text box, used by some systems to
                        make the object accessible, even to people
                        or systems that cannot read/see/display the
                        object.                                  
                        Authoring and Conversion Note: Not to be used
                        as a replacement for <caption>.            -->
<!ELEMENT  long-desc    (#PCDATA)                                    >
<!--         id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced                                 
             xml:lang   The language in which the value of the
                        element is expressed.  Recommended best 
                        practice is to use values as defined in
                        RFC 1766, typically 2-letter language
                        codes such as "FR" (French), "EN" (English),
                        and "DE" (German). These values are NOT
                        case sensitive, so "EN" = "en". The values
                        may include hyphenated differentiators such 
                        as "EN-AU" (Australian English) and "EN-US"
                        (United States English).                   -->                 
<!ATTLIST  long-desc
             id         ID                                 #IMPLIED  
             xml:lang   NMTOKEN                            #IMPLIED  > 

  
<!--                    DEFINITION LIST: DEFINITION                -->
<!--                    Used in two senses:
                        1) The definition, description, or other
                        explanation of the word, phrase, or picture
                        of a 2-part or definition list
                        2) The definition or expansion of an
                        abbreviation or acronym <abbrev>           -->
<!ELEMENT  def          (p+)                                         >
<!--         id         Unique identifier so the element may be
                        referenced 
             rid        Points to the identifier of a term,
                        so that a term and definition may be linked
                                                                   -->
<!ATTLIST  def                                
             rid        IDREFS                             #IMPLIED 
             id         ID                                 #IMPLIED  >


<!-- ================== End Common (Shared) Elements Module ====== -->