Abbreviated Citations

Some citations are complicated by the fact that they do not provide the full citation information for each cited reference. For example, some journals identify successive bibliographic references by the same author or involving the same journal by omitting the duplicated portion of the reference and inserting a vertical rule, the word “Ibid”, the word “Id.”, etc. Other publishers routinely omit the title of a cited journal article to save space. While best practice is to tag all citations completely, archives or publishers may choose to tag an abbreviated citation exactly as it was displayed.

If it is important for an archive or publisher to make each citation accessible for citation matching services, incomplete references should be enhanced by tagging the missing information based on the preceding reference. At the discretion of the archive, the word “Ibid” or “Id.” may also be retained as part of the textual content.

As an example, here is a citation that mixes multiple works by a single author:

Holmes, S. J. (1) Phototaxis in the amphipoda. Am. Jour. 
Physiol., 5, 211, 1901; (2) The reactions of Ranatra to 
light. Jour. Comp. Neur. Psych., 15, 305, 1905.

To preserve the exact order and punctuation of these citations, each publisher or archive must decide whether the semicolon and space between the citations is part of the first citation or the second. Here is the double-citation reference tagged as a mixed-style citation, with the punctuation added to the end of the first citation:

<ref id="ref1" content-type="double-author">
<mixed-citation publication-type="journal">
<string-name>
<surname>Holmes</surname>, <given-names>S.J.</given-names>
</string-name> <article-title>Phototaxis
in the amphipoda</article-title>. <source>Am. Jour. 
Physiol.</source>, <volume>5</volume>, <issue>211
</issue>, <year>1901</year>; </mixed-citation>
<mixed-citation><article-title>The 
reactions of Ranatra to light</article-title>. <source>Journ.
Comp, Neur. Physch.</source>, <volume>15</volume>, 
<issue>305</issue>, <year>1905</year>.
</mixed-citation>
</ref>