Year of publication of the article or other work
The <year> element is used in two contexts: as a part of the metadata concerning the article itself, and as part of a description of a cited work inside a bibliographic reference (<citation> or <nlm-citation>). For extensive examples of formatted <nlm-citation>s including use of <year>s in <nlm-citation>s, see: Sample PubMed Central Citations. To see tagged versions of these examples, see: Sample PubMed Central Citations - XML Tagged.
Conversion Note: When possible, the year should be expressed as a 4-digit number, for example, “1776”, “1924”, or “0042”.
<!ELEMENT year (#PCDATA) >
Text, numbers, or special characters
<access-date> Access Date for Cited Work; <citation> Citation; <conf-date> Conference Date; <date> Date; <nlm-citation> NLM Citation Model; <product> Product Information; <pub-date> Publication Date; <related-article> Related Article Information; <string-date> Date as a String
In article metadata:
... <article-meta> ... <author-notes>...</author-notes> <pub-date pub-type="pub"> <day>27</day> <month>03</month> <year>1999</year> </pub-date> <volume>318</volume> <issue>7187</issue> <fpage>837</fpage> <lpage>841</lpage> <history> <date date-type="accepted"> <day>29</day> <month>01</month> <year>1999</year></date> </history> <permissions> <copyright-statement>...</copyright-statement> </permissions> <abstract>...</abstract> ... </article-meta> ...
In a bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing removed):
...
<ref-list>
...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<citation>
<person-group>
<name><surname>Weissert</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Wan</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Katz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names></name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care services
for the chronically ill: a randomized experiment</article-title>
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<fpage>567</fpage>
<lpage>584</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6772889</pub-id>
</citation>
</ref>
...
</ref-list>
...
In a bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing preserved):
...
<ref-list>
...
<ref id="B8"><label>8</label>
<citation>
<name><surname>Weissert</surname>
<given-names>W</given-names></name>,
<name><surname>Wan</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names></name>,
<name><surname>Livieratos</surname>
<given-names>B</given-names></name>,
<name><surname>Katz</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names></name>.
<article-title>Effects and costs of day-care services
for the chronically ill: a randomized experiment</article-title>.
<source>Medical Care</source>
<year>1980</year>;
<volume>18</volume>:
<fpage>567</fpage>–
<lpage>584</lpage>.
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">6772889</pub-id>.
</citation>
</ref>
...
</ref-list>
...
common.ent