<ref>

Reference Item

One item in a bibliographic list

Remarks

A <ref> is typically a citation describing a referenced work (see Tagging References). This Tag Set allows notes as well as citations in a bibliographic list, but best practice is to place notes in an <fn-group> or <notes> section and use <ref-list> only for bibliographic citations.

Attributes

content-type Type of Content
id Identifier
specific-use Specific Use

Content Model

<!ELEMENT  ref          %ref-model;                                  >

Expanded Content Model

(label?, 
(element-citation | mixed-citation | nlm-citation | note)+)

Description

The following, in order:

This element may be contained in:

<ref-list>

Example 1

A bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing removed):

...<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="bid.41">
<label>1</label>
<element-citation>
<person-group>
<name><surname>Olson</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name>
...
</person-group>
<article-title>A common language for physical mapping
of the human genome</article-title>
<source>Science</source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>245</volume>
<issue>4925</issue>
<fpage>1434</fpage>
<lpage>1435</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">2781285</pub-id>
</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref>...</ref>
</ref-list>...

Example 2

A bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing preserved):

...<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="B8"><label>8. </label> 
<mixed-citation>
<string-name><surname>Weissert</surname>, 
<given-names>W</given-names></string-name>, 
<string-name><surname>Livieratos</surname>, 
<given-names>B</given-names>
</string-name>. <article-title>Effects and costs of 
day-care services for the chronically ill: a randomized 
experiment</article-title>. <source>Medical Care</source>:
<year>1980</year>; <volume>18</volume>;
<fpage>567</fpage>&ndash;<lpage>584</lpage>.
<pub-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">WES-6772889</pub-id>.
</mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref>...</ref>
</ref-list>
  ...

Module

references3.ent