Within bibliographic references and contributor groupings, this element designates unnamed individuals (typically indicated in print with the text “et al.”).
Many journals model this as an EMPTY element, typically used to generate the text “et al.” from a stylesheet. However, a few journal DTDs (Blackwell’s, for example) expect content for this element, with such text as “Associates, coworkers, and colleagues”. Therefore (as of Version 2.3), this is an EMPTY element in the more prescriptive Publishing and Authoring Tag Sets and an element that may be empty or contain textual contentment in this Archiving Tag Set.
This element may only be used in bibliographic references (in <citation> and <nlm-citation> via <person-group>). For extensive examples of formatted <nlm-citation>s including use of <etal>s in <nlm-citation>s, see: Sample PubMed Central Citations. To see tagged versions of these examples, see: Sample PubMed Central Citations - XML Tagged.
<!ELEMENT etal %etal-model; >
Any combination of:
<citation> Citation; <contrib> Contributor; <contrib-group> Contributor Group; <person-group> Person Group for a Cited Publication; <product> Product Information; <related-article> Related Article Information
In a bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing removed):
...
<back>
<ref-list>...
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label>
<citation>
<person-group>
<name><surname>Parker</surname>
<given-names>SG</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Du</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names></name>
<name><surname>Bardsley</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names></name>
<etal/>
</person-group>
<article-title>Measuring outcomes in care of the elderly</article-title>
<source>J R Coll Phys Lond</source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<fpage>428</fpage>
<lpage>433</lpage>
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7807432</pub-id>
</citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back></article>
In a bibliographic reference (punctuation and spacing preserved):
...
<back>
<ref-list>...
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label>
<citation>
<name><surname>Parker</surname>
<given-names>SG</given-names></name>,
<name><surname>Du</surname>
<given-names>X</given-names></name>,
<name><surname>Bardsley</surname>
<given-names>R</given-names></name>,
<etal>et al.</etal>
<article-title>Measuring outcomes in care of the elderly</article-title>.
<source>J R Coll Phys Lond</source>
<year>1994</year>;
<volume>28</volume>:
<fpage>428</fpage>–
<lpage>433</lpage>.
<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">7807432</pub-id>.
</citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back></article>
common.ent